![]() ![]() de Boor, in Nicephori Archiepescopi Constantinopolitani opuscula historica, Leipzig 1880, 58.17–25. Harry Turtledove, Philadelphia, P a 2006, 408–9. However, Theophanes actually states both that Germanus was ‘expelled from his throne’ and that he ‘gave up his surplice’: Theophanes the Confessor, The chronicle of Theophanes: anni mundi, 6095–6305 (A.D. ![]() The later, but Byzantine, Theophanes and Nikephoros share an earlier common source and claim that Germanus abdicated of his own volition. ![]() John thinks that Germanus was punished and beaten. 13 Speck posits that, in the second Treatise, John is poorly informed about Patriarch Germanus’ fate: John of Damascus, Three treatises on the divine images, trans. ![]()
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